Tag Archives: appeal

Variance Appeal Update

As you may recall, the membership at the May General Meeting voted overwhelmingly to appeal the commission’s grant of a variance to enable conversion of old barns to guesthouse/recreational use, within the setback from Bridger Creek. As is too often the case, this was an episode of build-first-permit-later, and we were puzzled to see the commission seemingly content to see its authority flouted. There’s more background here:

http://bcpoa.net/2013/04/variance-hearing/

BCPOA has appealed the commission’s decision, granting a variance that allows the project to proceed. While this is a very messy, multilayered case, the points we would like to make are simple. For example,

  • The commission should not lightly set aside objective standards, merely because it likes a project, for then standards have no meaning.
  • Saving pennies through poor documentation and circumvention of procedures is enormously costly in the long run, as citizens are denied due process and confusion propagates errors.

The first issue we are contesting is that the commission did not issue a proper written decision; it merely delivered the verdict, making reference to the audio recording of the proceedings. That makes it difficult to distinguish actual findings from mere discussion, and imposes additional burdens on anyone who desires to review or contest a decision. This is a constitutional issue, and if we prevail on this point, we may recover our costs. However, in that case, a likely outcome is that the judge would remand the case to the commission for a fresh statement of the decision, essentially restarting the process.

Getting to the meat of the case, it’s still complicated. There are actually two standards for a variance, one via the P&Z commission, and one via the county commission. Rather than considering them sequentially, as is proper, both were heard together. We don’t believe that either standard was met, but this further mingles procedural and substantive issues.

The variance case was actually heard twice. Initially, the commission denied it. Then, circumventing regulations that prevent rehearing an application within one year, the commission reconsidered the variance a month later, under the pretense that it had been “withdrawn” and re-presented with new information.

As if that weren’t enough, the commission only considered the question of a variance after it had already granted a Conditional Use Permit for the project. This is backwards, because the CUP is moot without the variance, and the discussion of standards among the two proceedings was somewhat mingled and confused.

As the case now stands, BCPOA has filed its initial complaint, and the parties have responded. We have moved for summary judgment on the constitutional issue of adequacy of the written decision.

We have met with the other parties to agree on what documents constitute the official record. The county has fought tooth and nail to exclude a few documents, including its own variance evaluation criteria and public sewer permit records. We are somewhat puzzled by this, as they are part of the evidence of a pattern of errors and omissions, but not decisive in themselves. This wrangling increases our costs, deterring future appeals. (By contrast, BCPOA cheerfully granted the applicant’s request to intervene, though it is not in our favor and we could have contested it, because we felt that it was right to do so and minimized cost and delay to all concerned.)

Next, we must file a brief on the substance of the case, though we are hoping to defer that until the constitutional question has been heard.

For the moment, BCPOA is adequately financed, in part due to the very generous rate reduction that our attorney, Brian Gallik, has granted us. Our legal committee, Deb Stratford, Richard Lyon, Charlie Hager & Chuck Broughton, has also put in many volunteer hours. There may yet come a time when we need to appeal for funding, but for the moment we hope we can use our resources for other purposes. In any event, thank you for your support, past and future.

FINAL BCPOA COMPLAINT

GC variance evaluation criteria

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Variance Hearing

This Thursday, April 11, there will be a Planning & Zoning Commission hearing for a variance to enable conversion of two barns to residential use. The variance is required because the structures lie well inside the 100-foot setback from Bridger Creek. This makes the structures, which predate zoning, nonconforming, and therefore it is not permissible to substantially alter them and change their use.

Sadly, this is another tale of “build first and ask for forgiveness.” Construction commenced without permits, in spite of written notice from the Planning Department that permits were required. The Commission has again failed to take any meaningful enforcement action. This is hard to understand, because the Commission has recently taken enforcement action against other landowners for less serious violations, and is ignoring the very precedent that it spent our tax dollars to set in the MT Supreme Court in the Theken barn case.

This is the second time this variance has come up for review; the first was in January. BCPOA unanimously opposed the variance then, and now. Testimony from the January hearing is in BCPOA comment Petty CUP 2013-01-09.

The plain language of the zoning states that a variance may be granted only when, due to special circumstances of the property, strict application of the zoning deprives a landowner of privileges that others enjoy. In this case, there is no such deprivation, because the property has several acres of buildable land outside of setbacks. Therefore the letter of the law should prevail and the stream setback should be respected.

If you wish to express your opinion on this matter, you can attend Thursday’s hearing, or send a brief note to the Bridger Canyon Planning & Zoning Commission regarding the Petty Variance, at planning@gallatin.mt.gov.

The following memo details problems with permitting and enforcement of the project to date:

BCPOA-Petty 2013-04-09

BCPOA-Petty 2013-04-09 Exhibits 1-10

BCPOA-Petty 2013-04-09 Exhibit 11 Theken decision

Testimony for the upcoming hearing will be posted here as it becomes available.

BCPOA-Petty 2013-04-09
BCPOA-Petty 2013-04-09 Exhibits 1-10
BCPOA-Petty 2013-04-09 Exhibit 11 Theken decision

BCPOA comment Petty variance 2013-04-11

BCPOA comment Petty variance 2013-04-22

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Lessons from the Theken Barn

Two years of administrative and legal wrangling came to an end recently when the Montana Supreme Court told Randy Theken to remove his half-built barn below the “M.” This was an affirmation of both law and common sense.

To the residents of Bridger Canyon who invested their time and money to defend the zoning regulations in this matter, congratulations, your efforts were well spent and much appreciated. To the four members of the Bridger Canyon Zoning Commission (BCZC) who reviewed the facts, listened to the community and voted that the barn must be removed, thanks for standing with your regulations and your constituents. Thanks to Judge Salvagni, who affirmed the decision by the commission. And thanks to the Montana Supreme Court who saw the issue clearly in spite of what the court characterized as Mr. Theken’s efforts “to complicate an otherwise straightforward question.”

When a legal question winds its way all the way up to the Supreme Court, there should be some lessons learned beyond the details of building permits and “building envelopes,” lessons that strengthen the community.

First and foremost, is the simple maxim “Rules are rules.” If you can’t or won’t enforce rules, don’t make them. If it is your job to enforce existing rules, do it in an efficient, consistent and timely manner. After-the-fact administrative sleight of hand that forgives broken rules only encourages the breaking of rules in the first place. Much expense for all parties would have been avoided by Mr. Theken’s applying for a permit before starting his barn or working with the BCZD and his neighbors on a location or design that met the regulations. By proceeding solely on his own authority he has had to dismantle his barn.

“Well-conceived and strongly enforced land use planning is essential” said the Montana Supreme Court in 1995 when the court found in favor of Bridger Canyon Property Owners Association (BCPOA) when the property owners objected to higher than allowable density in the Bridger Bowl base area.

Perhaps this is a good opportunity for our organization, BCPOA, to cut through the jargon of planning and zoning and explain to Gallatin County residents just what we see is at stake in these zoning issues for both the residents and non-residents who enjoy the Canyon.

BCZD was created by grass-roots citizen petition 41 years ago to oversee an orderly and predictable process of development while fiercely guarding the qualities (water, air, wildlife, agricultural use, rural lifestyle) that define the ambiance of the Canyon and preserve the property values of those of us who live there. It has done a pretty fine job so far. For the second time in as many decades, the Montana Supreme Court has affirmed the core values and integrity of Bridger Canyon Zoning District.

Each of those Supreme Court cases, when you clear away the details, comes down to one simple concept: density. Here’s what the Master Plan said in 1971 (and still says, loud and clear, in 2012): “Agricultural preservation is a primary goal which is to be accomplished by limiting development to one housing unit per 40 acres, and providing for higher density under planned unit developments. The forty (40) acre minimum lot size is based on limiting population so that the capacity of the two (2) lane highway is not exceeded.”

In other words, once growth demands a widened road the rural and natural qualities of Bridger Canyon will be lost.

For the last several months a long overdue update of the Bridger Canyon Zoning Regulations has been underway. Reaffirming the original density restriction should remain the paramount objective – it goes right to the bottom line of property values. But over the last few years residents have seen indirect calls for higher density through a variety of dubious machinations and interpretations of the regulations. For both residents and those who travel the Canyon or recreate there this presages a gradual diminution of the space, the quiet, the wildlife and the vistas.

We look forward to working with the professionals in planning and our elected representatives in developing and enforcing a streamlined set of regulations that reaffirms and defends the core principle of density limitation, the clear intention of those who established the first zoning district in the State of Montana.

Kent Madin and Richard Lyon wrote this on behalf of the board of directors of the Bridger Canyon Property Owners Association.

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